Buy the Indigo® 68823W VSEPR Model Kit and build all four AX5 molecular geometries simultaneously. Get a hands-on grasp of trigonal bipyramidal shapes that no textbook diagram can match.
Understanding trigonal bipyramidal geometry can challenge spatial reasoning. The Indigo® 68823W VSEPR Model Kit has enough parts to build all four AX5 variants: trigonal bipyramidal, seesaw, T-shaped, and linear, at once. Turn an abstract progression into a physical, side-by-side comparison. Tutors can guide students through the full AX5 series by substituting bonding atoms with lone pairs. The black trigonal bipyramidal central atom accommodates both univalent peripheral atoms and lone pair paddles interchangeably, keeping the focus on geometry rather than identity. The two color lone pair paddles add a further layer of clarity. In the T-shaped and seesaw configurations, contrasting paddle colors make it immediately visible that both lone pairs occupy equatorial positions, an important spatial relationship difficult to convey on a flat page.
Each of the four AX5 configurations produces measurably distinct bond angles. The fully bonded AX5 arrangement (PF5, PCl5), has equatorial bonds at exactly 120° and axial bonds at 90°. The axial bonds are slightly longer due to greater electron repulsion from the three equatorial neighbors.
Replacing one equatorial bonding atom with a lone pair to give the seesaw geometry of SF4 compresses the remaining equatorial bond angles to around 101o and the axial angles to approximately 87°. Lone pairs occupy more space than bonding pairs, and the model makes this visible.
In the T-shaped geometry of ClF3 (AX3E2), two equatorial lone pairs push the axial bonds inward to roughly 87.5°, a distortion with direct consequences for the molecule's reactivity as an aggressive fluorinating agent.
Finally, the linear geometry of XeF2 (AX2E3) places all three lone pairs equatorially and both bonding atoms axially, yielding a bond angle of exactly 180°. This invites a discussion as to why a noble gas forms stable bonds at all which connects VSEPR theory to broader concepts of formal charge and expanded octets.
| P/N | Description | QTY |
|---|---|---|
| 68186-20 | Wobbly bond, 20mm, each | 50 |
| 68216C | Atom, Orbit, H "a", white, 1 prong | 20 |
| 68221C | Atom, Orbit, Cl "a", green, 1 prong | 30 |
| 68225C | Atom, Orbit, C "b", 180 degree, black | 1 |
| 68241C | Atom, Orbit, C "j", planar: 120-120-120, black | 2 |
| 68244C | Atom, Orbit, C "k", tetrahedral, black | 3 |
| 68258C | Atom, Orbit "l", octahedral, grey | 5 |
| 68259C | Atom, Orbit, C "m", trigonal bipyramidal, black | 4 |
| 68416C | Orbital for showing lone electron pair, white, Orbit style | 10 |
| 68417C | Orbital for showing lone electron pair, black, Orbit style | 10 |
The parts listed on this page are for the entire kit, not the molecules(s) shown. You can augment this geometry with additional pieces listed on the Orbit Components page.