Examine how lone pairs distort molecular shapes using the advanced Indigo® VSEPR model kit. Build see-saw, T-shaped, and bent geometries from various geometry centers.
Investigate how lone pairs of electrons change molecular geometry with Indigo® VSEPR Models. Starting from basic electron-domain shapes, replace bonding pairs with lone pairs to observe real-world distortions like bent, see-saw, and T-shaped geometries. This hands-on exploration shows how electron repulsion patterns explain molecular structure beyond idealized shapes.
Note that the Orbit style of molecular models features additional an carbon configuration which is used in our 12 base DNA model. See the Orbit Components page for the 108o-126o-126o sp2 carbon
| Learning Outcome | Description |
|---|---|
| Recognize Effects of Lone Pairs | Understand that non-bonding electron pairs occupy more space and distort ideal bond angles. |
| Differentiate Between Electron and Molecular Geometry | Identify how removing one or more bonding domains alters shape and symmetry. |
| Model Distorted Geometries | Construct AX4E, AX3E2, and AX2E2 examples amongst others such as SF4, ClF3, and H2O. |
| Relate Geometry to Polarity | Explain how asymmetrical structures create net dipoles and affect molecular polarity. |
| Apply VSEPR to Real Molecules | Use the models to predict geometry changes in common compounds and ions. |
| P/N | Description | QTY |
|---|---|---|
| 68186-20 | Wobbly bond, 20mm, each | 50 |
| 68216C | Atom, Orbit, H "a", white, 1 prong | 20 |
| 68221C | Atom, Orbit, Cl "a", green, 1 prong | 30 |
| 68225C | Atom, Orbit, C "b", 180 degree, black | 1 |
| 68241C | Atom, Orbit, C "j", planar: 120-120-120, black | 2 |
| 68244C | Atom, Orbit, C "k", tetrahedral, black | 3 |
| 68258C | Atom, Orbit "l", octahedral, grey | 5 |
| 68259C | Atom, Orbit, C "m", trigonal bipyramidal, black | 4 |
| 68416C | Orbital for showing lone electron pair, white, Orbit style | 10 |
| 68417C | Orbital for showing lone electron pair, black, Orbit style | 10 |
See Parts list for details. Additional pieces can be bought separately from the Orbit Components page.